How to Upgadre UBUNTU DESKTOP 12.04 version to 12.10 version

UBUNTU 12.10

Before we are upgrading our UBUNTU DESKTOP 12.04 to 12.10 version, we must have an internet connection to download file from UBUNTU update server. We can upgrade by following procedure.

• Run the update-manager -d application from the Unity Dash or a command line
• In Update Manager, click the Settings... button, and enter your password to start the Software Sources application.
• Select the sub menu Updates from the Software Sources application.
• Confirm the "Notify me of a new Ubuntu version:" option is set to "For any new version", and change it if otherwise.
• Close the Software Sources application and return to Update Manager.
• In Update Manager, click the Check button to check for new updates.
• If there are any updates to install, use the Install Updates button to install them, and press Check again after that is complete.
• A message will appear informing you of the availability of the new release.
• Click Upgrade.
• Follow the on-screen instructions. 

That's all

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UBUNTU 12.10

What's new in Ubuntu 12.10?

Ubuntu 12.10 continues the evolution of the Unity interface. Here are highlights of what you can do with the latest version of Ubuntu:

New and improved features

• Search Amazon or the Ubuntu One Music Store directly from the dash or launcher.
• Use the new photos lens to view photos from your computer or from your social networks.
• Browse messages from your social networks with the Gwibber lens.
• Right click on items in the dash to see full-screen Previews with more information.
• Enter your credentials in Online Accounts to easily set up online integration for the dash, Gwibber, Empathy, and more.
• Keep track of contact information for your friends and colleagues with Contacts, your personal address book.
• Get work done in style with LibreOffice 3.6, now with new, modern presentation templates and built-in support for Ubuntu's integrated menu bar.
• Log in to remote servers from the login screen. 

(source: http://help.ubuntu.com)

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How to Check installed Version of Linux

The following are how to know the version of some popular Linux Distro: 

• UBUNTU: "lsb_release -a" 

• DEBIAN: "cat /etc/debian_version"

• SLACKWARE: "cat /etc/slackware-version"

• SUSE: "cat /etc/SuSE-release"

• REDHAT: "cat /etc/redhat-release"

• CENTOS: "cat /etc/redhat-release"

• FEDORA: "cat /etc/fedora-release"

• GENTOO: "cat /etc/gentoo-release"  

  

  Linux

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Basic Linux Command

Basic Linux Commands
cat	Prints the contents of a file
cd	Changes directories
chmod	Changes file access permissions
cp	Copies files
du	Prints disk usage
emacs	Edits text files
find	Finds files by searching
gcc	Compiles C/C++/Fortran programs
grep	Searches for a string in input
less	Filter for paging through output
ln	Creates links between files
locate	Finds files from an index
ls	Lists files in the current directory
make	Compiles and installs programs
man	Displays manual pages for reading
mkdir	Makes directories
mv	Moves files
ps	Lists processes
rm	Deletes files and directories
ssh	Connects to other machines using a secure shell connection
tail	Prints the last lines of a file
top	Prints resource usage
vim	Edits text files
which	Prints the location of a command
xargs	Executes commands from its input

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Basic Linux Directories

Basic Linux Directories
Name	Description
/	The root directory
/bin	Essential commands
/boot	Boot loader files, Linux kernel
/dev	Device files
/etc	System configuration files
/home	User home directories
/lib	Shared libraries, kernel modules
/lost+found	Directory for recovered files (if found after a file system check)
/media	Mount point for removable media, such as DVDs and floppy disks
/mnt	Usual mount point for local, remote file systems
/opt	Add-on software packages
/proc	Kernel information, process control
/root	Super user (root) home
/sbin	System commands (mostly root only)
/srv	Holds information relating to services that run on your system
/sys	Real-time information on devices used by the kernel
/tmp	Temporary files
/usr	Software not essential for system operation, such as applications
/var	Variable data (such as logs); spooled files

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How to update UBUNTU 11.10

After installing UBUNTU for my ACER Aspire 4752, i want to update this Operating System package to secure and completing my UBUNTU. These are simple step to updating UBUNTU 11.10

1. Click "Dash Home" launcher on the left top desktop
2. Type "update" on the search box
3. We can show "update manager" on the search result
4. Click "update manager"
5. Choose package, and click "install updates"
6. After the update and installing process finish, click close
7. Sometimes updating process need restart or reboot system, so you i suggest to do that.

Thats all for today
Thanks

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How to Setting IP address in Bactrack 4 using Wicd Network Manager

I have 1 ethernet card and 1 USB wireless LAN in my Backtrack 4 PC, so to connecting them to my network i must setting IP address for each other. This my step to setting IP address by using Wicd Network Manager:

1. Open Konsole by clicking it's icon on the bottom, or click backtrack icon and click system and then click "Konsole-Terminal Program"
2. Type "/etc/init.d/wicd start" and press enter
3. Click Backtrack icon on the bottom left of desktop
4. Go to Internet and click Wicd-Network Manager















5. To setting ip address for wire connection, click wired network
6. To setting ip address for wireless connection, click one of access point name
7. To set an static ip address and static DNS for wire or wireless click "advanced setting" and type ip address (don't forget to click "OK" :) )
8. Now we can connect to our network and happy browsing

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How to Install Opera Browser in Backtrack 4

After installing Backtrack 4 in my PC, i want to get another web browser for my backtrack 4. As default using Mozilla Firefox and Konqueror web browser. I want to install OPERA web browser in my Backtrack, so as usually i am trying to find Opera installer for Linux Ubuntu by asking GOOGLE (Backtrack 4 is UBUNTU based). I found this link and download opera installer file. File name : opera_10.10.4742.gcc4.qt3_i386.deb and file size is: 12.8 MB.

Now i use these steps to install that file:
1. Open Konsole by clicking it's icon on the bottom, or click backtrack icon and click system and then click "Konsole-Terminal Program"
2. Find Opera installer file
3. Type "dpkg --install opera_10.10.4742.gcc4.qt3_i386.deb" and press "enter"
and this process will appear

4. After installing process finish go to backtrack icon, and click internet and go to opera web browser
5. Opera web browser is running now
That's all

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How to Setting IP address in Backtrack 4

Linux Back Track 4 already released, as a beginner in Back Track i want to set my ip address for ethernet card. In windows operating system we can edit our ip address through GUI (graphical user interface), but in Back Track i can not do that.
After searching back track tutorial for beginner, i found that in back track we can set ip address by using command line in console.

These are my step to set ip address:

1. Click Back Track icon on the left bottom of desktop (or click quick launch konsole)
2. Type "ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.5" and press "enter" (this mean we set ip address 192.168.1.5 for ethernet card)
3. Type "route add default gw 192.168.1.1" and press "enter" (this mean we set default get way 192.168.1.1 for this ethernet, and this is depend on our network)
4. Type "echo nameserver 202.134.0.155 > /etc/resolve.conf" and press enter (this mean we set dns server ip address with: 202.134.0.155, and this is depend on our ISP)
5. If finish we can check our connection by pinging our getway (in this example "ping 192.168.1.1") if this connection OK, we can see "64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=254 time=0.961 ms" appear in our console. Time in ms depend on our network.

I hope this post can help others.

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